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It is the default bundler in Next.js 16.\n\n## Key Features\n\n- **Instant HMR**: Hot Module Replacement that doesn't degrade with app size\n- **File System Caching (Stable)**: Dev server artifacts cached on disk between restarts — up to 14x faster startup on large projects. Enabled by default in Next.js 16.1+, no config needed. Build caching planned next.\n- **Multi-environment builds**: Browser, Server, Edge, SSR, React Server Components\n- **Native RSC support**: Built for React Server Components from the ground up\n- **TypeScript, JSX, CSS, CSS Modules, WebAssembly**: Out of the box\n- **Rust-powered**: Incremental computation engine for maximum performance\n\n## Configuration (Next.js 16)\n\nIn Next.js 16, Turbopack config is top-level (moved from `experimental.turbopack`):\n\n```js\n\u002F\u002F next.config.ts\nimport type { NextConfig } from 'next'\n\nconst nextConfig: NextConfig = {\n  turbopack: {\n    \u002F\u002F Resolve aliases (like webpack resolve.alias)\n    resolveAlias: {\n      'old-package': 'new-package',\n    },\n    \u002F\u002F Custom file extensions to resolve\n    resolveExtensions: ['.ts', '.tsx', '.js', '.jsx', '.json'],\n  },\n}\n\nexport default nextConfig\n```\n\n## CSS and CSS Modules Handling\n\nTurbopack handles CSS natively without additional configuration.\n\n### Global CSS\n\nImport global CSS in your root layout:\n\n```tsx\n\u002F\u002F app\u002Flayout.tsx\nimport '.\u002Fglobals.css'\n```\n\n### CSS Modules\n\nCSS Modules work out of the box with `.module.css` files:\n\n```tsx\n\u002F\u002F components\u002FButton.tsx\nimport styles from '.\u002FButton.module.css'\n\nexport function Button({ children }) {\n  return \u003Cbutton className={styles.primary}>{children}\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n}\n```\n\n### PostCSS\n\nTurbopack reads your `postcss.config.js` automatically. Tailwind CSS v4 works with zero config:\n\n```js\n\u002F\u002F postcss.config.js\nmodule.exports = {\n  plugins: {\n    '@tailwindcss\u002Fpostcss': {},\n    autoprefixer: {},\n  },\n}\n```\n\n### Sass \u002F SCSS\n\nInstall `sass` and import `.scss` files directly — Turbopack compiles them natively:\n\n```bash\nnpm install sass\n```\n\n```tsx\nimport styles from '.\u002FComponent.module.scss'\n```\n\n### Common CSS pitfalls\n\n- **CSS ordering differs from webpack**: Turbopack may load CSS chunks in a different order. Avoid relying on source-order specificity across files — use more specific selectors or CSS Modules.\n- **`@import` in global CSS**: Use standard CSS `@import` — Turbopack resolves them, but circular imports cause build failures.\n- **CSS-in-JS libraries**: `styled-components` and `emotion` work but require their SWC plugins configured under `compiler` in next.config.\n\n## Tree Shaking\n\nTurbopack performs tree shaking at the module level in production builds. Key behaviors:\n\n- **ES module exports**: Only used exports are included — write `export` on each function\u002Fconstant rather than barrel `export *`\n- **Side-effect-free packages**: Mark packages as side-effect-free in `package.json` to enable aggressive tree shaking:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"name\": \"my-ui-lib\",\n  \"sideEffects\": false\n}\n```\n\n- **Barrel file optimization**: Turbopack can skip unused re-exports from barrel files (`index.ts`) when the package declares `\"sideEffects\": false`\n- **Dynamic imports**: `import()` expressions create async chunk boundaries — Turbopack splits these into separate chunks automatically\n\n### Diagnosing large bundles\n\n**Built-in analyzer (Next.js 16.1+, experimental)**: Works natively with Turbopack. Offers route-specific filtering, import tracing, and RSC boundary analysis:\n\n```ts\n\u002F\u002F next.config.ts\nconst nextConfig: NextConfig = {\n  experimental: {\n    bundleAnalyzer: true,\n  },\n}\n```\n\n**Legacy `@next\u002Fbundle-analyzer`**: Still works as a fallback:\n\n```bash\nANALYZE=true next build\n```\n\n```ts\n\u002F\u002F next.config.ts\nimport withBundleAnalyzer from '@next\u002Fbundle-analyzer'\n\nconst nextConfig = withBundleAnalyzer({\n  enabled: process.env.ANALYZE === 'true',\n})({\n  \u002F\u002F your config\n})\n```\n\n## Custom Loader Migration from Webpack\n\nTurbopack does not support webpack loaders directly. Here is how to migrate common patterns:\n\n| Webpack Loader | Turbopack Equivalent |\n|----------------|---------------------|\n| `css-loader` + `style-loader` | Built-in CSS support — remove loaders |\n| `sass-loader` | Built-in — install `sass` package |\n| `postcss-loader` | Built-in — reads `postcss.config.js` |\n| `file-loader` \u002F `url-loader` | Built-in static asset handling |\n| `svgr` \u002F `@svgr\u002Fwebpack` | Use `@svgr\u002Fwebpack` via `turbopack.rules` |\n| `raw-loader` | Use `import x from '.\u002Ffile?raw'` |\n| `graphql-tag\u002Floader` | Use a build-time codegen step instead |\n| `worker-loader` | Use native `new Worker(new URL(...))` syntax |\n\n### Configuring custom rules (loader replacement)\n\nFor loaders that have no built-in equivalent, use `turbopack.rules`:\n\n```js\n\u002F\u002F next.config.ts\nconst nextConfig: NextConfig = {\n  turbopack: {\n    rules: {\n      '*.svg': {\n        loaders: ['@svgr\u002Fwebpack'],\n        as: '*.js',\n      },\n    },\n  },\n}\n```\n\n### When migration isn't possible\n\nIf a webpack loader has no Turbopack equivalent and no workaround, fall back to webpack:\n\n```js\nconst nextConfig: NextConfig = {\n  bundler: 'webpack',\n}\n```\n\nFile an issue at [github.com\u002Fvercel\u002Fnext.js](https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fvercel\u002Fnext.js) — the Turbopack team tracks loader parity requests.\n\n## Production Build Diagnostics\n\n### Build failing with Turbopack\n\n1. **Check for unsupported config**: Remove any `webpack()` function from next.config — it's ignored by Turbopack and may mask the real config\n2. **Verify `turbopack.rules`**: Ensure custom rules reference valid loaders that are installed\n3. **Check for Node.js built-in usage in edge\u002Fclient**: Turbopack enforces environment boundaries — `fs`, `path`, etc. cannot be imported in client or edge bundles\n4. **Module not found errors**: Ensure `turbopack.resolveAlias` covers any custom resolution that was previously in webpack config\n\n### Build output too large\n\n- Audit `\"use client\"` directives — each client component boundary creates a new chunk\n- Check for accidentally bundled server-only packages in client components\n- Use `server-only` package to enforce server\u002Fclient boundaries at import time:\n\n```bash\nnpm install server-only\n```\n\n```ts\n\u002F\u002F lib\u002Fdb.ts\nimport 'server-only' \u002F\u002F Build fails if imported in a client component\n```\n\n### Comparing webpack vs Turbopack output\n\nRun both bundlers and compare:\n\n```bash\n# Turbopack build (default in Next.js 16)\nnext build\n\n# Webpack build\nBUNDLER=webpack next build\n```\n\nCompare `.next\u002F` output sizes and page-level chunks.\n\n## Performance Profiling\n\n### HMR profiling\n\nEnable verbose HMR timing in development:\n\n```bash\nNEXT_TURBOPACK_TRACING=1 next dev\n```\n\nThis writes a `trace.json` to the project root — open it in `chrome:\u002F\u002Ftracing` or [Perfetto](https:\u002F\u002Fui.perfetto.dev\u002F) to see module-level timing.\n\n### Build profiling\n\nProfile production builds:\n\n```bash\nNEXT_TURBOPACK_TRACING=1 next build\n```\n\nLook for:\n- **Long-running transforms**: Indicates a slow SWC plugin or heavy PostCSS config\n- **Large module graphs**: Reduce barrel file re-exports\n- **Cache misses**: If incremental builds aren't hitting cache, check for files that change every build (e.g., generated timestamps)\n\n### Memory usage\n\nTurbopack's Rust core manages its own memory. If builds OOM:\n- Increase Node.js heap: `NODE_OPTIONS='--max-old-space-size=8192' next build`\n- Reduce concurrent tasks if running inside Turborepo: `turbo build --concurrency=2`\n\n## Turbopack vs Webpack\n\n| Feature | Turbopack | Webpack |\n|---------|-----------|---------|\n| Language | Rust | JavaScript |\n| HMR speed | Constant (O(1)) | Degrades with app size |\n| RSC support | Native | Plugin-based |\n| Cold start | Fast | Slower |\n| Ecosystem | Growing | Massive (loaders, plugins) |\n| Status in Next.js 16 | Default | Still supported |\n| Tree shaking | Module-level | Module-level |\n| CSS handling | Built-in | Requires loaders |\n| Production builds | Supported | Supported |\n\n## When You Might Need Webpack\n\n- Custom webpack loaders with no Turbopack equivalent\n- Complex webpack plugin configurations (e.g., `ModuleFederationPlugin`)\n- Specific webpack features not yet in Turbopack (e.g., custom `externals` functions)\n\nTo use webpack instead:\n```js\n\u002F\u002F next.config.ts\nconst nextConfig: NextConfig = {\n  bundler: 'webpack', \u002F\u002F Opt out of Turbopack\n}\n```\n\n## Development vs Production\n\n- **Development**: Turbopack provides instant HMR and fast refresh\n- **Production**: Turbopack handles the production build (replaces webpack in Next.js 16)\n\n## Common Issues\n\n1. **Missing loader equivalent**: Some webpack loaders don't have Turbopack equivalents yet. 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This skill uses Socratic questioning to capture intent before drafting, and validates output against an agent-readiness checklist.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3245,3248,3251,3254],{"name":3246,"slug":3247,"type":15},"ADR","adr",{"name":3249,"slug":3250,"type":15},"Architecture","architecture",{"name":3252,"slug":3253,"type":15},"Documentation","documentation",{"name":3255,"slug":3256,"type":15},"Engineering","engineering","2026-04-06T18:55:50.043694",{"slug":3201,"name":3201,"fn":3259,"description":3260,"org":3261,"tags":3262,"stars":3206,"repoUrl":3207,"updatedAt":3269},"build AI features with Vercel AI SDK","Answer questions about the AI SDK and help build AI-powered features. Use when developers: (1) Ask about AI SDK functions like generateText, streamText, ToolLoopAgent, embed, or tools, (2) Want to build AI agents, chatbots, RAG systems, or text generation features, (3) Have questions about AI providers (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, etc.), streaming, tool calling, structured output, or embeddings, (4) Use React hooks like useChat or useCompletion. Triggers on: \"AI SDK\", \"Vercel AI SDK\", \"generateText\", \"streamText\", \"add AI to my app\", \"build an agent\", \"tool calling\", \"structured output\", \"useChat\".",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3263,3264,3265,3268],{"name":3216,"slug":3217,"type":15},{"name":3200,"slug":3201,"type":15},{"name":3266,"slug":3267,"type":15},"LLM","llm",{"name":9,"slug":8,"type":15},"2026-04-06T18:55:48.739463",{"slug":3271,"name":3271,"fn":3272,"description":3273,"org":3274,"tags":3275,"stars":3206,"repoUrl":3207,"updatedAt":3279},"capture-api-response-test-fixture","capture API response test fixtures","Capture API response test fixture.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3276,3277,3278],{"name":3235,"slug":3236,"type":15},{"name":3203,"slug":3204,"type":15},{"name":9,"slug":8,"type":15},"2026-04-06T18:55:56.374433",{"slug":3281,"name":3281,"fn":3282,"description":3283,"org":3284,"tags":3285,"stars":3206,"repoUrl":3207,"updatedAt":3289},"develop-ai-functions-example","develop AI SDK function examples","Develop examples for AI SDK functions. Use when creating, running, or modifying examples under examples\u002Fai-functions\u002Fsrc to validate provider support, demonstrate features, or create test fixtures.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3286,3287,3288],{"name":3200,"slug":3201,"type":15},{"name":3203,"slug":3204,"type":15},{"name":9,"slug":8,"type":15},"2026-04-06T18:55:55.088956",68,{"items":3292,"total":3391},[3293,3308,3326,3341,3354,3367,3380],{"slug":3294,"name":3294,"fn":3295,"description":3296,"org":3297,"tags":3298,"stars":20,"repoUrl":21,"updatedAt":3307},"ai-gateway","configure and manage Vercel AI Gateway","Vercel AI Gateway expert guidance. Use when configuring model routing, provider failover, cost tracking, or managing multiple AI providers through a unified API.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3299,3302,3305,3306],{"name":3300,"slug":3301,"type":15},"AI Infrastructure","ai-infrastructure",{"name":3303,"slug":3304,"type":15},"Cost Optimization","cost-optimization",{"name":3266,"slug":3267,"type":15},{"name":9,"slug":8,"type":15},"2026-04-06T18:56:06.57787",{"slug":3309,"name":3309,"fn":3310,"description":3311,"org":3312,"tags":3313,"stars":20,"repoUrl":21,"updatedAt":3325},"auth","integrate authentication in Next.js apps","Authentication integration guidance — Clerk (native Vercel Marketplace), Descope, and Auth0 setup for Next.js applications. Covers middleware auth patterns, sign-in\u002Fsign-up flows, and Marketplace provisioning. Use when implementing user authentication.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3314,3317,3320,3321,3324],{"name":3315,"slug":3316,"type":15},"Auth0","auth0",{"name":3318,"slug":3319,"type":15},"Authentication","authentication",{"name":18,"slug":19,"type":15},{"name":3322,"slug":3323,"type":15},"Security","security",{"name":9,"slug":8,"type":15},"2026-04-06T18:56:17.050565",{"slug":3327,"name":3327,"fn":3328,"description":3329,"org":3330,"tags":3331,"stars":20,"repoUrl":21,"updatedAt":3340},"bootstrap","bootstrap Vercel-linked repositories","Project bootstrapping orchestrator for repos that depend on Vercel-linked resources (databases, auth, and managed integrations). Use when setting up or repairing a repository so linking, environment provisioning, env pulls, and first-run db\u002Fdev commands happen in the correct safe order.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3332,3335,3338,3339],{"name":3333,"slug":3334,"type":15},"Configuration","configuration",{"name":3336,"slug":3337,"type":15},"Deployment","deployment",{"name":3160,"slug":3161,"type":15},{"name":9,"slug":8,"type":15},"2026-04-06T18:56:18.297868",{"slug":3342,"name":3342,"fn":3343,"description":3344,"org":3345,"tags":3346,"stars":20,"repoUrl":21,"updatedAt":3353},"cdn-caching","debug Vercel CDN caching behavior","Debug Vercel CDN caching — cache hit rate, stale content, revalidation behavior, ISR + PPR, per-request cache reasons (cacheReason) and PPR state (ppr_state), and costs.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3347,3348,3351,3352],{"name":3125,"slug":3126,"type":15},{"name":3349,"slug":3350,"type":15},"Observability","observability",{"name":13,"slug":14,"type":15},{"name":9,"slug":8,"type":15},"2026-07-30T05:31:34.628944",{"slug":3355,"name":3355,"fn":3356,"description":3357,"org":3358,"tags":3359,"stars":20,"repoUrl":21,"updatedAt":3366},"chat-sdk","build multi-platform chatbots with Vercel","Vercel Chat SDK expert guidance. Use when building multi-platform chat bots — Slack, Telegram, Microsoft Teams, Discord, Google Chat, GitHub, Linear — with a single codebase. Covers the Chat class, adapters, threads, messages, cards, modals, streaming, state management, and webhook setup.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3360,3361,3364,3365],{"name":3216,"slug":3217,"type":15},{"name":3362,"slug":3363,"type":15},"Messaging","messaging",{"name":3223,"slug":3224,"type":15},{"name":9,"slug":8,"type":15},"2026-04-06T18:56:26.921901",{"slug":3368,"name":3368,"fn":3369,"description":3370,"org":3371,"tags":3372,"stars":20,"repoUrl":21,"updatedAt":3379},"deployments-cicd","manage Vercel deployments and CI\u002FCD","Vercel deployment and CI\u002FCD expert guidance. Use when deploying, promoting, rolling back, inspecting deployments, building with --prebuilt, or configuring CI workflow files for Vercel.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3373,3374,3375,3378],{"name":3186,"slug":3187,"type":15},{"name":3336,"slug":3337,"type":15},{"name":3376,"slug":3377,"type":15},"Operations","operations",{"name":9,"slug":8,"type":15},"2026-04-06T18:56:22.054263",{"slug":3381,"name":3381,"fn":3382,"description":3383,"org":3384,"tags":3385,"stars":20,"repoUrl":21,"updatedAt":3390},"env-vars","manage Vercel environment variables","Vercel environment variable expert guidance. Use when working with .env files, vercel env commands, OIDC tokens, or managing environment-specific configuration.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[3386,3387,3388,3389],{"name":3333,"slug":3334,"type":15},{"name":3376,"slug":3377,"type":15},{"name":3322,"slug":3323,"type":15},{"name":9,"slug":8,"type":15},"2026-04-06T18:56:28.150777",29]