[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"skill-dotnet-copy-to-output-directory":3,"mdc--xeyg1m-key":31,"related-repo-dotnet-copy-to-output-directory":1169,"related-org-dotnet-copy-to-output-directory":1278},{"slug":4,"name":4,"fn":5,"description":6,"org":7,"tags":11,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":21,"license":22,"forks":23,"topics":24,"repo":26,"sourceUrl":29,"mdContent":30},"copy-to-output-directory","configure MSBuild output directory settings","Choosing an MSBuild CopyToOutputDirectory \u002F CopyToPublishDirectory mode: Never, PreserveNewest, Always, and IfDifferent (MSBuild 17.13+), plus $(SkipUnchangedFilesOnCopyAlways). USE FOR: removing the per-build Always copy perf hit; resetting output files mutated between builds. DO NOT USE FOR: general incremental-build diagnosis (use incremental-build); non-MSBuild build systems.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},"dotnet",".NET (Microsoft)","https:\u002F\u002Fpexgzepcugksgbtrxkhf.supabase.co\u002Fstorage\u002Fv1\u002Fobject\u002Fpublic\u002Forg-logos\u002Fdotnet.png",[12,16],{"name":13,"slug":14,"type":15},"Build","build","tag",{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},".NET","net",4576,"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fdotnet\u002Fskills","2026-07-19T06:03:48.723493","MIT",332,[25],"agent-skills",{"repoUrl":20,"stars":19,"forks":23,"topics":27,"description":28},[25],"Repository for skills to assist AI coding agents with .NET and C#","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fdotnet\u002Fskills\u002Ftree\u002FHEAD\u002Fplugins\u002Fdotnet-msbuild\u002Fskills\u002Fcopy-to-output-directory","---\nname: copy-to-output-directory\ndescription: \"Choosing an MSBuild CopyToOutputDirectory \u002F CopyToPublishDirectory mode: Never, PreserveNewest, Always, and IfDifferent (MSBuild 17.13+), plus $(SkipUnchangedFilesOnCopyAlways). USE FOR: removing the per-build Always copy perf hit; resetting output files mutated between builds. DO NOT USE FOR: general incremental-build diagnosis (use incremental-build); non-MSBuild build systems.\"\nlicense: MIT\n---\n\n# Choosing a CopyToOutputDirectory Mode\n\n## Overview\n\nThe `CopyToOutputDirectory` metadata (and its publish counterpart `CopyToPublishDirectory`) controls whether an item — `Content`, `None`, `EmbeddedResource`, or `Compile` — is copied next to your build output, and under what conditions the copy happens. Picking the wrong mode causes either stale files in `bin\u002F` or an unnecessary per-build performance hit.\n\nAs of **MSBuild 17.13 \u002F .NET SDK 9.0.2xx** there are four values:\n\n| Mode | Copies when… | Incremental cost | Typical use |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| `Never` (default) | Never | None | Files not needed at runtime |\n| `PreserveNewest` | Source is **newer** than destination (or destination missing) | Cheap (timestamp check) | The common case — source files you edit |\n| `Always` | **Every build**, unconditionally | Expensive — copies on every build even in no-op builds | Legacy workaround; avoid (see below) |\n| `IfDifferent` | Source **differs** from destination in either direction (newer **or** older, or size differs, or destination missing) | Cheap (timestamp + size check) | Destination may be mutated between builds |\n\n```xml\n\u003CItemGroup>\n  \u003CNone Include=\"appsettings.json\" CopyToOutputDirectory=\"PreserveNewest\" \u002F>\n  \u003CNone Include=\"testdata\\seed.db\"  CopyToOutputDirectory=\"IfDifferent\" \u002F>\n\u003C\u002FItemGroup>\n```\n\nYou can use either the attribute form shown above or the child-element form:\n\n```xml\n\u003CNone Include=\"testdata\\seed.db\">\n  \u003CCopyToOutputDirectory>IfDifferent\u003C\u002FCopyToOutputDirectory>\n\u003C\u002FNone>\n```\n\n## Why `Always` is usually the wrong choice\n\n`Always` re-copies the file on **every** build, including otherwise-clean incremental\u002Fno-op builds. On projects with many or large content files this is a measurable, recurring cost and a common cause of \"why is my no-op build not instant?\" reports.\n\nHistorically `Always` was the only way to handle a specific scenario: **the destination file can change between builds** — for example an SQLite database, a storage\u002Fstate file, or a config file that a test run mutates. With `PreserveNewest`, if the destination is modified (making its timestamp *newer* than the source) MSBuild will *not* restore the original source file, because the source is no longer newer. People reached for `Always` to force the file back into a known-good state — paying the copy cost on every build as a side effect.\n\n## `IfDifferent`: copy when different, in either direction\n\n`IfDifferent` is the targeted fix for that scenario. It copies the source over the destination whenever MSBuild considers the two **different** — whether the source is newer *or* older than the destination, whether the size differs, or the destination is missing — and skips the copy when the destination is unchanged per MSBuild's heuristic.\n\nUnder the hood the `_CopyDifferingSourceItemsToOutputDirectory` target uses the `Copy` task with `SkipUnchangedFiles=\"true\"`. That \"unchanged\" check is a **heuristic**: it compares **last-write timestamp and file size only** — not a content hash — so a destination that was edited to the same size and timestamp as the source is treated as unchanged and is *not* re-copied. In practice this restores a mutated destination back to the source version on the next build (the reason people reached for `Always`) while avoiding the unconditional per-build copy.\n\nUse `IfDifferent` when:\n\n- A test run or the app itself writes to the copied file (databases, caches, state\u002Fstorage files, editable config) and you want each build to reset it to the source version.\n- You were using `Always` purely as a \"keep the output in sync with the source\" mechanism, not because you truly need a copy on every single build.\n\n```xml\n\u003CItemGroup>\n  \u003C!-- Reset the fixture DB to the source copy whenever it has drifted,\n       but don't pay a copy on every no-op build. -->\n  \u003CNone Include=\"fixtures\\catalog.db\" CopyToOutputDirectory=\"IfDifferent\" \u002F>\n\u003C\u002FItemGroup>\n```\n\n## Globally softening `Always` with `$(SkipUnchangedFilesOnCopyAlways)`\n\nIf you have an existing codebase full of `CopyToOutputDirectory=\"Always\"` items and want the performance benefit without editing every item, set the property:\n\n```xml\n\u003CPropertyGroup>\n  \u003CSkipUnchangedFilesOnCopyAlways>true\u003C\u002FSkipUnchangedFilesOnCopyAlways>\n\u003C\u002FPropertyGroup>\n```\n\nThis makes the `_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectoryAlways` target pass `SkipUnchangedFiles=\"true\"` to its `Copy` task, so `Always` items are only copied when they actually differ — effectively giving `Always` the same skip-unchanged behavior as `IfDifferent`.\n\n- Default is `false` for backwards compatibility (classic `Always` = copy every build).\n- Set it in `Directory.Build.props` to opt an entire repo in at once.\n- Prefer converting individual items to `IfDifferent` when you can; use this property when a bulk, non-invasive opt-in is more practical.\n\n## How the modes flow through the build\n\n`GetCopyToOutputDirectoryItems` buckets each item by its `CopyToOutputDirectory` value. Three copy targets then do the work as dependencies of `_CopySourceItemsToOutputDirectory` (which is itself invoked by `CopyFilesToOutputDirectory`):\n\n- `_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectory` — `PreserveNewest` items (incremental via `Inputs`\u002F`Outputs` timestamp comparison).\n- `_CopyOutOfDateSourceItemsToOutputDirectoryAlways` — `Always` items (unconditional copy unless `$(SkipUnchangedFilesOnCopyAlways)` is `true`).\n- `_CopyDifferingSourceItemsToOutputDirectory` — `IfDifferent` items (`SkipUnchangedFiles=\"true\"`).\n\nAll copied files are registered in `FileWrites`, so `dotnet clean` removes them.\n\n**Transitive copy:** items marked `Always`, `PreserveNewest`, or `IfDifferent` also flow to referencing projects through `ProjectReference` (via `_CopyToOutputDirectoryTransitiveItems`). `Never` items do not. `IfDifferent` participates in ClickOnce publish item collection alongside `Always`\u002F`PreserveNewest`.\n\n## Version requirement\n\n`IfDifferent` and `$(SkipUnchangedFilesOnCopyAlways)` require **MSBuild 17.13 or later** (**.NET SDK 9.0.2xx+ \u002F Visual Studio 2022 17.13+**). On older toolsets the value is not recognized: it will not match the `Always`\u002F`PreserveNewest`\u002F`IfDifferent` conditions in the common targets, so the item is silently **not copied**. Gate usage on the toolset if you must support older SDKs, or require the minimum SDK via `global.json`.\n\n## Quick decision guide\n\n- Don't need the file at runtime → `Never` (or omit — it's the default).\n- Normal source file you edit → `PreserveNewest`.\n- Destination gets mutated between builds and must be reset to the source → `IfDifferent`.\n- You truly need a fresh copy on literally every build → `Always` (rare).\n- Stuck with lots of legacy `Always` and want the perf win without edits → keep `Always` but set `$(SkipUnchangedFilesOnCopyAlways)=true`.\n",{"data":32,"body":33},{"name":4,"description":6,"license":22},{"type":34,"children":35},"root",[36,45,52,114,127,299,348,353,384,397,414,461,472,495,551,563,585,631,650,663,694,742,790,796,830,920,941,1012,1018,1082,1088,1163],{"type":37,"tag":38,"props":39,"children":41},"element","h1",{"id":40},"choosing-a-copytooutputdirectory-mode",[42],{"type":43,"value":44},"text","Choosing a CopyToOutputDirectory Mode",{"type":37,"tag":46,"props":47,"children":49},"h2",{"id":48},"overview",[50],{"type":43,"value":51},"Overview",{"type":37,"tag":53,"props":54,"children":55},"p",{},[56,58,65,67,73,75,81,83,89,90,96,98,104,106,112],{"type":43,"value":57},"The ",{"type":37,"tag":59,"props":60,"children":62},"code",{"className":61},[],[63],{"type":43,"value":64},"CopyToOutputDirectory",{"type":43,"value":66}," metadata (and its publish counterpart ",{"type":37,"tag":59,"props":68,"children":70},{"className":69},[],[71],{"type":43,"value":72},"CopyToPublishDirectory",{"type":43,"value":74},") controls whether an item — ",{"type":37,"tag":59,"props":76,"children":78},{"className":77},[],[79],{"type":43,"value":80},"Content",{"type":43,"value":82},", ",{"type":37,"tag":59,"props":84,"children":86},{"className":85},[],[87],{"type":43,"value":88},"None",{"type":43,"value":82},{"type":37,"tag":59,"props":91,"children":93},{"className":92},[],[94],{"type":43,"value":95},"EmbeddedResource",{"type":43,"value":97},", or ",{"type":37,"tag":59,"props":99,"children":101},{"className":100},[],[102],{"type":43,"value":103},"Compile",{"type":43,"value":105}," — is copied next to your build output, and under what conditions the copy happens. 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USE FOR: build errors that are unclear from console output, diagnosing cascading failures across multi-project builds, tracing MSBuild target execution order, and generally any MSBuild build issues. Requires an existing .binlog file. DO NOT USE FOR: generating binlogs (use binlog-generation), non-MSBuild build systems.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1261,1262,1263],{"name":1179,"slug":1180,"type":15},{"name":1182,"slug":1183,"type":15},{"name":1200,"slug":1201,"type":15},"2026-07-12T08:21:34.637923",{"slug":1266,"name":1266,"fn":1267,"description":1268,"org":1269,"tags":1270,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1276},"binlog-generation","generate MSBuild binary logs for diagnostics","Generate MSBuild binary logs (binlogs) for build diagnostics and analysis. USE FOR: adding \u002Fbl:{} to any dotnet build, test, pack, publish, or restore command to capture a full build execution trace, prerequisite for binlog-failure-analysis and build-perf-diagnostics skills, enabling post-build investigation of errors or performance. Requires MSBuild 17.8+ \u002F .NET 8 SDK+ for {} placeholder; PowerShell needs -bl:{{}}. DO NOT USE FOR: non-MSBuild build systems (npm, Maven, CMake), analyzing an existing binlog (use binlog-failure-analysis instead).",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1271,1272,1273],{"name":13,"slug":14,"type":15},{"name":1182,"slug":1183,"type":15},{"name":1274,"slug":1275,"type":15},"Engineering","engineering","2026-07-19T05:38:19.340791",96,{"items":1279,"total":1384},[1280,1292,1299,1306,1314,1320,1328,1334,1340,1350,1363,1374],{"slug":1281,"name":1281,"fn":1282,"description":1283,"org":1284,"tags":1285,"stars":1289,"repoUrl":1290,"updatedAt":1291},"multithreaded-task-migration","migrate MSBuild tasks to multithreaded mode","Guide for migrating MSBuild tasks to multithreaded mode support, including compatibility red-team review. Use this when converting tasks to thread-safe versions, implementing IMultiThreadableTask, adding TaskEnvironment support, or auditing migrations for behavioral compatibility.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1286,1287,1288],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1274,"slug":1275,"type":15},{"name":1185,"slug":1186,"type":15},5535,"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fdotnet\u002Fmsbuild","2026-07-22T05:37:33.965588",{"slug":1172,"name":1172,"fn":1173,"description":1174,"org":1293,"tags":1294,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1187},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1295,1296,1297,1298],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1179,"slug":1180,"type":15},{"name":1182,"slug":1183,"type":15},{"name":1185,"slug":1186,"type":15},{"slug":1189,"name":1189,"fn":1190,"description":1191,"org":1300,"tags":1301,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1202},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1302,1303,1304,1305],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1196,"slug":1197,"type":15},{"name":1182,"slug":1183,"type":15},{"name":1200,"slug":1201,"type":15},{"slug":1204,"name":1204,"fn":1205,"description":1206,"org":1307,"tags":1308,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1220},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1309,1310,1311,1312,1313],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1182,"slug":1183,"type":15},{"name":1212,"slug":1213,"type":15},{"name":1215,"slug":1216,"type":15},{"name":1218,"slug":1219,"type":15},{"slug":1222,"name":1222,"fn":1223,"description":1224,"org":1315,"tags":1316,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1234},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1317,1318,1319],{"name":1179,"slug":1180,"type":15},{"name":1229,"slug":1230,"type":15},{"name":1232,"slug":1233,"type":15},{"slug":1236,"name":1236,"fn":1237,"description":1238,"org":1321,"tags":1322,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1254},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1323,1324,1325,1326,1327],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1243,"slug":1244,"type":15},{"name":1246,"slug":1247,"type":15},{"name":1249,"slug":1250,"type":15},{"name":1252,"slug":1253,"type":15},{"slug":1256,"name":1256,"fn":1257,"description":1258,"org":1329,"tags":1330,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1264},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1331,1332,1333],{"name":1179,"slug":1180,"type":15},{"name":1182,"slug":1183,"type":15},{"name":1200,"slug":1201,"type":15},{"slug":1266,"name":1266,"fn":1267,"description":1268,"org":1335,"tags":1336,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1276},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1337,1338,1339],{"name":13,"slug":14,"type":15},{"name":1182,"slug":1183,"type":15},{"name":1274,"slug":1275,"type":15},{"slug":1341,"name":1341,"fn":1342,"description":1343,"org":1344,"tags":1345,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1349},"build-parallelism","optimize MSBuild build parallelism","Diagnose and fix under-parallelized MSBuild builds. USE WHEN a multi-project solution build is slower than expected, doesn't speed up when you add cores, pegs a single core while others idle, or you want to know why `-m` isn't helping. Note: `\u002Fmaxcpucount` default is 1 (sequential) — always pass `-m` for parallel builds. Covers finding the critical path (longest serial ProjectReference chain), graph build (`\u002Fgraph`), BuildInParallel, and solution filters (`.slnf`). DO NOT USE FOR: single-project builds, incremental issues (use incremental-build), compilation slowness inside one project (use build-perf-diagnostics), non-MSBuild build systems.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1346,1347,1348],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1274,"slug":1275,"type":15},{"name":1185,"slug":1186,"type":15},"2026-07-19T05:38:18.364937",{"slug":1351,"name":1351,"fn":1352,"description":1353,"org":1354,"tags":1355,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1362},"build-perf-baseline","establish and optimize build performance baselines","Establish build performance baselines and apply systematic optimization techniques. USE FOR: diagnosing slow builds, establishing before\u002Fafter measurements (cold, warm, no-op scenarios), applying optimization strategies like MSBuild Server, static graph builds, artifacts output, and dependency graph trimming. Start here before diving into build-perf-diagnostics, incremental-build, or build-parallelism. DO NOT USE FOR: non-MSBuild build systems, detailed bottleneck analysis (use build-perf-diagnostics after baselining).",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1356,1357,1360,1361],{"name":1274,"slug":1275,"type":15},{"name":1358,"slug":1359,"type":15},"Monitoring","monitoring",{"name":1185,"slug":1186,"type":15},{"name":1232,"slug":1233,"type":15},"2026-07-12T08:21:35.865649",{"slug":1364,"name":1364,"fn":1365,"description":1366,"org":1367,"tags":1368,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1373},"build-perf-diagnostics","diagnose MSBuild build performance bottlenecks","Diagnose MSBuild build performance bottlenecks using binary log analysis. USE FOR: identifying why builds are slow by analyzing binlog performance summaries, detecting ResolveAssemblyReference (RAR) taking >5s, Roslyn analyzers consuming >30% of Csc time, single targets dominating >50% of build time, node utilization below 80%, excessive Copy tasks, NuGet restore running every build. Covers timeline analysis, Target\u002FTask Performance Summary interpretation, and 7 common bottleneck categories. Use after build-perf-baseline has established measurements. DO NOT USE FOR: establishing initial baselines (use build-perf-baseline first), fixing incremental build issues (use incremental-build), parallelism tuning (use build-parallelism), non-MSBuild build systems.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1369,1370,1371,1372],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1182,"slug":1183,"type":15},{"name":1274,"slug":1275,"type":15},{"name":1185,"slug":1186,"type":15},"2026-07-12T08:21:40.961722",{"slug":1375,"name":1375,"fn":1376,"description":1377,"org":1378,"tags":1379,"stars":19,"repoUrl":20,"updatedAt":1383},"check-bin-obj-clash","detect MSBuild output path conflicts","Detects MSBuild projects with conflicting OutputPath or IntermediateOutputPath. USE FOR: builds failing with 'Cannot create a file when that file already exists', 'The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process', intermittent build failures that succeed on retry, or missing\u002Foverwritten outputs in multi-project or multi-targeting builds where bin\u002Fobj (or project.assets.json) collide. Common causes: shared OutputPath, missing AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath, extra global properties (e.g. PublishReadyToRun), or SetTargetFramework on a ProjectReference to a single-targeting project. DO NOT USE FOR: file access errors unrelated to MSBuild (OS-level locking), single-project single-TFM builds, non-MSBuild build systems.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1380,1381,1382],{"name":1182,"slug":1183,"type":15},{"name":1274,"slug":1275,"type":15},{"name":1229,"slug":1230,"type":15},"2026-07-19T05:38:14.336279",144]