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Use when running verify commands, tuning concurrency\u002Fsharding, handling schema mismatches, or validating data integrity post-migration.\ncompatibility: Requires molt binary. Source and target DBs must be accessible. Oracle requires CGO build.\nmetadata:\n  author: cockroachdb\n  version: \"1.0\"\n---\n\n# molt verify\n\nCompares source and target databases for schema (DDL) and row (data) consistency. Run after `molt fetch` to confirm migration integrity.\n\n## Basic Structure\n\n```bash\nmolt verify \\\n  --source \"\u003Csource-conn>\" \\\n  --target \"\u003Ccrdb-conn>\" \\\n  [options]\n```\n\n## Verification Phases\n\n**Phase 1 — Schema:** Compares table presence, columns, types, NOT NULL constraints, and primary key structure.\n\n**Phase 2 — Rows** (default, `--rows=true`): Iterates source rows in PK order and compares against target. Reports missing, extraneous, and mismatched rows per shard.\n\n## Modes\n\n| Mode | Command | Use When |\n|------|---------|----------|\n| Full (default) | `molt verify --source \"...\" --target \"...\"` | Post-migration integrity check |\n| Schema-only | `molt verify ... --rows=false` | Fast DDL check; no data I\u002FO |\n\n## Concurrency & Sharding\n\n```bash\n# Default: CPU-count tables in parallel, 1 shard\u002Ftable, 20k rows\u002Fbatch\nmolt verify --source \"...\" --target \"...\"\n\n# Large tables: parallelize within a single table\nmolt verify --source \"...\" --target \"...\" \\\n  --concurrency 1 --concurrency-per-table 8 --row-batch-size 50000\n\n# Rate-limited (minimize production impact)\nmolt verify --source \"...\" --target \"...\" \\\n  --rows-per-second 1000 --concurrency 2\n```\n\nSharding splits a table's PK range across workers. Supported PK types: INT, FLOAT, DECIMAL, UUID. Falls back to a single full-scan for unsupported types.\n\n## Common Workflows\n\n### 1. Post-migration sanity check\n```bash\nmolt verify \\\n  --source \"postgresql:\u002F\u002F\u003Cuser>:\u003Cpassword>@pg:5432\u002Fdb\" \\\n  --target \"postgresql:\u002F\u002Froot@crdb:26257\u002Fdb\"\n```\n\n### 2. Schema-only (CI gate)\n```bash\nmolt verify \\\n  --source \"...\" --target \"...\" \\\n  --rows=false --non-interactive --log-file stdout\n```\n\n### 3. Filtered verification (subset of tables)\n```bash\nmolt verify \\\n  --source \"...\" --target \"...\" \\\n  --table-filter \"customers|orders\"\n```\n\n### 4. Verify with column exclusions\n```bash\n# transformations.json: {\"tables\":[{\"name\":\"users\",\"excludedColumns\":[\"temp_col\"]}]}\nmolt verify \\\n  --source \"...\" --target \"...\" \\\n  --transformations-file transformations.json\n```\n\n## Source-Specific Prerequisites\n\n**PostgreSQL**: No special requirements. Partition tables (child partitions) are not supported — remove them before verifying.\n\n**MySQL**: Queries current database only. `ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY` may affect queries; disable if issues arise.\n\n**Oracle**: Binary must be built with `CGO_ENABLED=1 -tags=\"cgo source_all\"`. Oracle Instant Client in `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`. Use `--source-cdb` for multi-tenant (CDB) setups. Selective data verification (`--filter-path`) is not supported.\n\n## Output & Reporting\n\nEach table prints a summary per shard:\n```\ntruth rows seen: 10000, success: 9950, missing: 5, mismatch: 45, extraneous: 0\n```\n\n- **missing**: rows present on source but absent on target\n- **extraneous**: rows on target with no match on source\n- **mismatch**: rows present on both but values differ\n\nSchema issues (missing\u002Fextra tables or columns, type mismatches, PK differences) are logged as warnings and do not stop row verification.\n\nPrometheus metrics available at `--metrics-listen-addr` (default `127.0.0.1:3030`).\n\n## Error Recovery\n\n| Error | Cause | Fix |\n|-------|-------|-----|\n| `missing table X on target` | Table not migrated | Rerun fetch or check filters |\n| `extraneous table X on target` | Unexpected table | Clean up or adjust `--table-filter` |\n| `column type mismatch` | Type conversion issue | Check type mappings or use `--transformations-file` |\n| `PRIMARY KEY does not match` | PK structure differs | Inspect schema conversion output |\n| `partition table X` | Source has partition tables | Drop\u002Fmove partitions before verifying |\n| `missing a PRIMARY KEY` | No PK on source table | Add PK or use `--rows=false` |\n| `TLSModeDisableError` | Insecure connection rejected | Add `--allow-tls-mode-disable` |\n| Statement timeout | Query exceeds `--verify-statement-timeout` | Increase timeout or reduce `--row-batch-size` |\n\n## Gotchas\n\n- Schema changes between source and target after migration are not automatically reconciled — fix schema first, then re-run\n- `--concurrency` values exceeding 4× CPU count trigger a warning and may degrade performance\n- Row verification requires primary keys on both source and target tables; tables without PKs are skipped for row comparison\n- `--filter-path` (selective row filters) is not supported for Oracle sources\n- Log files contain sensitive query data; avoid `--show-connection-logging` in production logs\n- After fetch, always run verify before cutover to confirm data integrity\n\nSee [flags reference](references\u002Fflags.md) for the full flag list.\n",{"data":40,"body":44},{"name":4,"description":6,"compatibility":41,"metadata":42},"Requires molt binary. 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var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"items":1378,"total":1536},[1379,1398,1414,1427,1438,1448,1461,1473,1486,1499,1510,1523],{"slug":1380,"name":1380,"fn":1381,"description":1382,"org":1383,"tags":1384,"stars":1395,"repoUrl":1396,"updatedAt":1397},"collecting-cockroachdb-operator-escalation-packet","collect CockroachDB operator escalation packets","Collects a complete CockroachDB Operator escalation packet for TSC\u002FTSE or operator-team handoff, including Helm state, Kubernetes resources, logs, operation-specific evidence, pprof goroutine dumps, metrics, and a customer action timeline. Use when general diagnosis cannot resolve an operator-managed CockroachDB Helm issue or before restarting a stuck operator.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1385,1386,1389,1392],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1387,"slug":1388,"type":15},"Incident Response","incident-response",{"name":1390,"slug":1391,"type":15},"Kubernetes","kubernetes",{"name":1393,"slug":1394,"type":15},"Monitoring","monitoring",105,"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fcockroachdb\u002Fhelm-charts","2026-07-12T07:57:25.288146",{"slug":1399,"name":1399,"fn":1400,"description":1401,"org":1402,"tags":1403,"stars":1395,"repoUrl":1396,"updatedAt":1413},"configuring-cockroachdb-helm-tls","configure TLS for CockroachDB Helm charts","Selects and validates TLS settings for CockroachDB Helm chart deployments, including self-signer, cert-manager, and external certificate modes. Use when a customer needs secure CockroachDB Helm values, certificate secret mapping, cert-manager integration, or TLS install troubleshooting before deploying the chart.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1404,1407,1410],{"name":1405,"slug":1406,"type":15},"Deployment","deployment",{"name":1408,"slug":1409,"type":15},"Encryption","encryption",{"name":1411,"slug":1412,"type":15},"Security","security","2026-07-12T07:56:37.675396",{"slug":1415,"name":1415,"fn":1416,"description":1417,"org":1418,"tags":1419,"stars":1395,"repoUrl":1396,"updatedAt":1426},"debugging-cockroachdb-operator-migrations","debug CockroachDB Operator migration scenarios","Debugs CockroachDB Operator migration scenarios, including Helm StatefulSet to v1beta1 CrdbNode migration and public operator v1alpha1 to v1beta1 migration. Use when migration labels, migration phases, source StatefulSet ownership, converted CRDs, PVC ownership, or post-migration reconciliation are unclear or stuck.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1420,1421,1424,1425],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1422,"slug":1423,"type":15},"Debugging","debugging",{"name":1390,"slug":1391,"type":15},{"name":20,"slug":21,"type":15},"2026-07-12T07:56:48.360871",{"slug":1428,"name":1428,"fn":1429,"description":1430,"org":1431,"tags":1432,"stars":1395,"repoUrl":1396,"updatedAt":1437},"diagnosing-cockroachdb-helm-deployments","diagnose CockroachDB Helm chart deployments","Diagnoses failed or unhealthy CockroachDB Helm chart deployments by checking Helm release state, operator health, CrdbCluster and CrdbNode status, pod readiness, RBAC, webhooks, TLS, upgrades, scaling, PVCs, DNS, and multi-region assumptions. Use when Helm install or upgrade fails, pods are not Ready, or the operator is not reconciling.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1433,1434,1435,1436],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1422,"slug":1423,"type":15},{"name":1405,"slug":1406,"type":15},{"name":1390,"slug":1391,"type":15},"2026-07-12T07:57:24.018818",{"slug":1439,"name":1439,"fn":1440,"description":1441,"org":1442,"tags":1443,"stars":1395,"repoUrl":1396,"updatedAt":1447},"installing-cockroachdb-with-helm","install CockroachDB using Helm","Guides customer-facing installation of CockroachDB on Kubernetes using the CockroachDB split Helm charts and operator-managed v1beta1 resources. Use when installing CockroachDB with Helm, choosing between published and local split charts, verifying a new install, or helping an agent complete first-time Kubernetes onboarding.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1444,1445,1446],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1405,"slug":1406,"type":15},{"name":1390,"slug":1391,"type":15},"2026-07-12T07:56:45.777567",{"slug":1449,"name":1449,"fn":1450,"description":1451,"org":1452,"tags":1453,"stars":1395,"repoUrl":1396,"updatedAt":1460},"validating-cockroachdb-helm-multiregion","validate CockroachDB multi-region Helm deployments","Validates CockroachDB Helm chart values and Kubernetes prerequisites for operator-managed multi-region deployments. Use before adding a region, deploying CockroachDB across multiple Kubernetes clusters, checking region DNS domains, or confirming that all regions share certificate and networking assumptions.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1454,1455,1456,1457],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1405,"slug":1406,"type":15},{"name":1390,"slug":1391,"type":15},{"name":1458,"slug":1459,"type":15},"Operations","operations","2026-07-12T07:56:47.082609",{"slug":1462,"name":1462,"fn":1463,"description":1464,"org":1465,"tags":1466,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1472},"analyzing-range-distribution","analyze CockroachDB range distribution and health","Analyzes CockroachDB range distribution across tables and indexes using SHOW RANGES to identify range count, size patterns, leaseholder placement, and replication health. Use when investigating hotspots, uneven data distribution, range fragmentation, or validating zone configuration effects without DB Console access.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1467,1468,1469],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1393,"slug":1394,"type":15},{"name":1470,"slug":1471,"type":15},"Performance","performance","2026-07-12T07:57:18.753533",{"slug":1474,"name":1474,"fn":1475,"description":1476,"org":1477,"tags":1478,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1485},"analyzing-schema-change-storage-risk","analyze schema change storage requirements","Estimates storage requirements for CockroachDB online schema change backfills using SHOW RANGES WITH DETAILS, KEYS, INDEXES. Use before CREATE INDEX, ADD COLUMN with INDEX\u002FUNIQUE, ALTER PRIMARY KEY, CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, CREATE TABLE AS, REFRESH, or SET LOCALITY on tables with large per-index footprints, to avoid mid-backfill disk exhaustion.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1479,1482,1483,1484],{"name":1480,"slug":1481,"type":15},"Data Modeling","data-modeling",{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1470,"slug":1471,"type":15},{"name":23,"slug":24,"type":15},"2026-07-12T07:57:22.763788",{"slug":1487,"name":1487,"fn":1488,"description":1489,"org":1490,"tags":1491,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1498},"auditing-cis-benchmark","audit CockroachDB clusters against CIS benchmarks","Audits a self-hosted CockroachDB cluster against the CIS CockroachDB Benchmark v1.0.0 Level 1 controls. Supports two audit depths — quick automated scans and full CIS audit procedures. Produces a structured PASS\u002FFAIL\u002FMANUAL report covering installation, system hardening, logging, user access, data protection, and CockroachDB settings. Use when preparing for CIS compliance assessments, hardening self-hosted deployments, or validating security posture against industry benchmarks.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1492,1493,1496,1497],{"name":13,"slug":14,"type":15},{"name":1494,"slug":1495,"type":15},"Compliance","compliance",{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1411,"slug":1412,"type":15},"2026-07-18T05:48:00.862384",{"slug":1500,"name":1500,"fn":1501,"description":1502,"org":1503,"tags":1504,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1509},"auditing-cloud-cluster-security","audit CockroachDB cluster security posture","Audits the security posture of a CockroachDB cluster (Cloud or self-hosted) across network, authentication, authorization, encryption, audit logging, and backup dimensions. Use when assessing cluster security readiness, preparing for compliance reviews, or investigating security configuration gaps.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1505,1506,1507,1508],{"name":13,"slug":14,"type":15},{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1458,"slug":1459,"type":15},{"name":1411,"slug":1412,"type":15},"2026-07-12T07:57:01.506735",{"slug":1511,"name":1511,"fn":1512,"description":1513,"org":1514,"tags":1515,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1522},"auditing-table-statistics","audit optimizer table statistics","Audits optimizer table statistics for staleness, missing coverage, and data quality issues using SHOW STATISTICS. Use when diagnosing poor query performance, unexpected plan changes, or after bulk data changes to identify stale statistics requiring refresh via CREATE STATISTICS.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1516,1517,1520,1521],{"name":13,"slug":14,"type":15},{"name":1518,"slug":1519,"type":15},"Data Analysis","data-analysis",{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1470,"slug":1471,"type":15},"2026-07-12T07:57:16.190081",{"slug":1524,"name":1524,"fn":1525,"description":1526,"org":1527,"tags":1528,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1535},"benchmarking-transaction-patterns","benchmark CockroachDB transaction patterns","Guides benchmarking and comparing explicit multi-statement transactions versus single-statement CTE transactions in CockroachDB, with fair test methodology, contention analysis, and performance interpretation. Use when comparing transaction formulations, benchmarking CockroachDB workloads under contention, investigating retry pressure, or deciding whether to rewrite multi-step application flows into single SQL statements.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1529,1530,1533,1534],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1531,"slug":1532,"type":15},"Engineering","engineering",{"name":1470,"slug":1471,"type":15},{"name":23,"slug":24,"type":15},"2026-07-12T07:57:26.543278",40,{"items":1538,"total":1590},[1539,1545,1552,1559,1566,1573,1580],{"slug":1462,"name":1462,"fn":1463,"description":1464,"org":1540,"tags":1541,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1472},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1542,1543,1544],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1393,"slug":1394,"type":15},{"name":1470,"slug":1471,"type":15},{"slug":1474,"name":1474,"fn":1475,"description":1476,"org":1546,"tags":1547,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1485},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1548,1549,1550,1551],{"name":1480,"slug":1481,"type":15},{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1470,"slug":1471,"type":15},{"name":23,"slug":24,"type":15},{"slug":1487,"name":1487,"fn":1488,"description":1489,"org":1553,"tags":1554,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1498},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1555,1556,1557,1558],{"name":13,"slug":14,"type":15},{"name":1494,"slug":1495,"type":15},{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1411,"slug":1412,"type":15},{"slug":1500,"name":1500,"fn":1501,"description":1502,"org":1560,"tags":1561,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1509},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1562,1563,1564,1565],{"name":13,"slug":14,"type":15},{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1458,"slug":1459,"type":15},{"name":1411,"slug":1412,"type":15},{"slug":1511,"name":1511,"fn":1512,"description":1513,"org":1567,"tags":1568,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1522},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1569,1570,1571,1572],{"name":13,"slug":14,"type":15},{"name":1518,"slug":1519,"type":15},{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1470,"slug":1471,"type":15},{"slug":1524,"name":1524,"fn":1525,"description":1526,"org":1574,"tags":1575,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1535},{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1576,1577,1578,1579],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1531,"slug":1532,"type":15},{"name":1470,"slug":1471,"type":15},{"name":23,"slug":24,"type":15},{"slug":1581,"name":1581,"fn":1582,"description":1583,"org":1584,"tags":1585,"stars":25,"repoUrl":26,"updatedAt":1589},"cockroachdb-sql","write and optimize CockroachDB SQL","Use when writing, generating, or optimizing SQL for CockroachDB, designing CockroachDB schemas, or when the user asks about CockroachDB-specific SQL patterns, type mappings, and distributed database best practices. Also use when encountering CockroachDB anti-patterns like missing primary keys, sequential ID hotspots, or incorrect type usage.",{"slug":8,"name":9,"logoUrl":10,"githubOrg":8},[1586,1587,1588],{"name":17,"slug":18,"type":15},{"name":1470,"slug":1471,"type":15},{"name":23,"slug":24,"type":15},"2026-07-25T05:31:22.562808",34]